George Orwell s Animal Farm - 958 Words

Imagine that you were an animal s or citizen living under Napoleon or Stalin rule and the fear that your life can be taken always from you at any time. In the novel of Animal Farm, George Orwell he wanted to show how a book is a sarcasm of the Russian Revolution during the communist years and the satire of that time between Trotsky and Stalin. Where Orwell chose to create his character base of the common people of Russia at the time of the Revolution. Animal Farm is a social or allegory about Napoleon influences of all the animals and getting rid of his partner; however, how he uses his power for great evil. At the beginning of Animal Farm, power was used to get great things and it brought all the animals in Manor Farm together to allow them gain their freedom from Mr. Jones. After this first positive influence of power, however, it began to become destroy the community on how the animals had worked together in order to form a utopian place in the Animal Farm base of George Orwell. W here he wanted to use his power to control the farm. Really in Animal Farm during Napoleon s rule it was worse than before under farmer Mr. Jones did to the animals. At least farmer Jones was a human and the animals, pigs and all the rest, were in the same predicament. With Jones, the animals knew what to expect. Where Napoleon makes the whole farm into a terror state. This is how Orwell describes totalitarian states in the Animal Farm base of the USSR communism and how Stalin did it to hisShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1361 Words   |  6 Pagesfarmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the english countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master Mr.Jones in order to represent the russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societies oppress the wor king class as a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concerned. TsarRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1392 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell Never Misuses Words In what was a vastly controversial novel published in 1945, George Orwell’s Animal Farm describes the horrific brand of communism in the Soviet Union and the conscious blindness that most of the West accepted at that time. Although Orwell labeled Animal Farm as a fairy tale, this historically parallel novel branches into the genres of political satire, fable, and allegory as well. What made Animal Farm so controversial among the â€Å"British socialists† and WesternRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1395 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm: The Power of Corruption In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Orwell illustrates how power corrupts absolutely and how Napoleon degrades the structure and stability of Animal Farm because of the decisions that he makes. I will also expand on the idea of how Old Major’s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleon’s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleon’s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwell’s AnimalRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm922 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the wisest boar of the farm, Old Major, mimics Karl Marx, the â€Å"Father of Communism,† and Vladimir Lenin, a Russian communist revolutionary. George Orwell introduces direct parallels between the respected figures through their mutual ideas of equality and profoundly appreciated qualities. Furthermore, his utilization of dialect and descriptions represent the key ideas of the novel. Throughout the novel, Orwell continues to show comparisons betweenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1463 Words   |  6 Pagesbut of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm, George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the English countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master, Mr.Jones. Orwell does this to represent the Russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societi es oppress the working class. As a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concernedRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1645 Words   |  7 PagesPeople respond to control and power differently for various reasons, however, one of the main reasons is based on their personality; their confidence and intelligence. In, Animal Farm by George Orwell, confidence and intelligence is a big factor for why certain animals obtained power and control and why other ones did not. People with confidence and intelligence are likely to gain most of the control and power. People with little intelligence, but lots of confidence are more likely to have someRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their â€Å"dictator† Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power and expels Snowball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion minus the answer.† In George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the author raises the question whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this storyline Orwell utilizes literary devicesRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletaria t which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicatesRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1255 Words   |  6 Pagesrebellion in history. With these principles at heart, it only seems logical that human society should become utopian. Despite the principles, the French revolution paved the way for the autocratic rule of Napoleon. History repeats itself; George Orwell’s Animal Farm follows the rise of Animalism which serves as an allegorical reflection of the 1917 Russian revolution that led into the Stalinist era. Many revolutions throughout history follow the same path as the newly installed government always become

Finance Is The Field That Deals With Investing Money And...

I am a junior at Missouri State and majoring in Finance. Finance is the field that deals with investing money and studying cash flow data. Finance majors generally end up working for a company studying the amount of risk involved in a project and calculating the return that can will be gained from taking on the risk associated with each project. People who work in this field are considered to be part of corporate finance. There is also the opportunity to become a consultant and help outside persons figure out the best investment plans to suit their individual needs, this is known as personal finance. The first article, â€Å"Big Data: The Management Revolution†, centered around the idea that â€Å"for companies to be successful and continue to better their operation and financial results, they need to embrace this data revolution.† The rise of data is huge, the article even quoted at one point that â€Å"More data crosses the internet every second than were stored in the entire internet just 20 years ago.† Leaders of companies need to be able to embrace this huge tool being offered, or risk the chance of being pushed out of their sector. One huge obstacle standing in the way of embracing this data revolution is the lack of â€Å"Data Scientists† to interpret new data, which is the topic of the second article. A data scientist is an individual who specializes in reading data and then taking this information and applying it in some creative way to benefit the company or simply relaying it toShow MoreRelatedJ.K Tyres and Industry Company Analysis14185 Wor ds   |  57 PagesACKNOWLEDGEMENT Completion of the project is not a one handed affair. It needs timely guidance, co†operation from the working members and the freedom to work. I am earnestly grateful to Mr. Kamal Manik, Dy. General Manager (Finance), JK Tyre industries limited, New Delhi for providing me with an opportunity to undertake a project work in their esteemed organization. I would also like to thank Mr. Sanjay Arora and Ms. Namita Gulati for her constant guidance. Finally, I am deeply indebted to allRead MoreGlobal Industry Simulation8081 Words   |  32 Pagesdevelopment of processes and procedures for the functioning of sales operations and taking actions if performance is bad of the employees is also important. Moreover there should be a contact kept with the manufacturer so as to ask and control the finances (Ulrich, Brockbank, and Johnson, 2008). Furthermore the establishment of the relationships with the main customers is also relevant so that maximum sales potential can be realized (Ulrich, Brockbank, and Johnson, 2008). Knowledge: He/she shouldRead MoreImpact of Working Capital Management on Cash Holdings25344 Words   |  102 Pagesagenda of governments around the world. Purpose: To describe the situation facing seed stage investing venture capitalists. I will emphasize difficulties and evaluate venture capitalists ability in addressing them. Effects of the difficulties in form of access to financing for entrepreneurs and a possible need for government intervention will be examined. Method: Empirical information from seed stage investing venture capital organizations have been collected in the form of face-to-face interviews,Read MoreTim Cook6393 Words   |  26 PagesPreparation of a Project Report Resource Assessment -Financial and Non - Financial Fixed and Working Capital Requirement, Funds, Flows, Profit Ratios, Break Even Analysis etc. * * 20 Marks Mobilising Resources - Sources and Means of Fund, Facilities and Technologies for starting an Enterprise. Organising/Production of goods and services - quality, quantity and flow of inputs. 299 Unit III: Enterprise Management (a) (b) General management: Basic Management functions. Managing Market:Read MoreFundamaental Analysis of LT18739 Words   |  75 PagesThe nature of data collection is highly based on the information available through secondary Data. D. Secondary Data Collection: The main source of information is taken from annual reports of the companies and through related websites which has enabled in analyzing the equities. * Internet sources * Annual Reports * Text Books * Capitaline website Need for the study: Valuation of the stocks is the first step towards intelligent investing. The knowledgeRead MoreCapital Ventures : Opportunities For Renewable Energy Investment10254 Words   |  42 PagesOpportunities for VC Firms in Renewable Energy 12 2.4 Empirical Evidence 13 2.5 Conceptual Framework 16 Chapter Three: Research Methods and Data Description 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Research Philosophy 20 3.2.1 Ontology 20 3.2.2 Epistemology 21 3.2.3 Philosophical Stance 21 3.3 Research Design 22 3.4 Data Collection Instrument 22 3.5 Data Description 23 3.6 Method of Data Presentation and Analysis 23 3.7 Ethical Considerations 23 Chapter Four: Empirical Results and Analysis 24 4.1 Opportunities for VCRead MoreHedging Currency Exposures in a Multinational Corporation26743 Words   |  107 Pagesrisk exposures of a multinational corporation, by describing their effects on the cash flows, profit and loss and balance sheet of the corporation as well as by comparing the applicability of currency forwards and currency options in hedging these exposures. The exposure framework is constructed based on an extensive literature review of financial risk management articles. The effects of currency exposures on cash flows, profit and loss and balance sheet are modeled. The model further takes into accountRead MoreMoney Has Time Value On The Financial Investment Market Essay10566 Words   |  43 Pages EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Money has time value in the financial investment market. The time value of money affects to a greater extent to many investors. So investor has to take account of time value for money. When investment is made in securities, it is found that volatility is more. Every person wants to save money and the money saved by those persons they do not keep it as idle and invest that money to make appreciation money. They are number of investment alternatives. The choice is up to investorRead MoreInternship Report on Mcb20087 Words   |  81 Pageseducational environment. That two months period called â€Å"Internship Period†, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all, more committed to its work in the  practical field. I have also been assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Allama Iqbal Town Branch Lahore. It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and sharpen our decision-m aking power and utilizing the resources in an effective mannerRead MoreAbbott Case Study6378 Words   |  26 Pages The closing price on December 31, 2007, for Abbott was $56.15 per share. The equity valuation based on discounted cash flow and residual operating income model found that the Abbott stock is an under valued one. This study conclude that the Abbott continues to be a strong player in the pharmaceutical field, as it has racked up good profits with strong positive operating cash flow while keeping up a dynamic product line during the study period of financial statement between 2002-2007. Although health

Twilight 12. BALANCING Free Essays

string(41) " I know I leave you here alone too much\." 12. BALANCING â€Å"Billy!† Charlie called as soon as he got out of the car. I turned toward the house, beckoning to Jacob as I ducked under the porch. We will write a custom essay sample on Twilight 12. BALANCING or any similar topic only for you Order Now I heard Charlie greeting them loudly behind me. â€Å"I’m going to pretend I didn’t see you behind the wheel, Jake,† he said disapprovingly. â€Å"We get permits early on the rez,† Jacob said while I unlocked the door and flicked on the porch light. â€Å"Sure you do,† Charlie laughed. â€Å"I have to get around somehow.† I recognized Billy’s resonant voice easily, despite the years. The sound of it made me feel suddenly younger, a child. I went inside, leaving the door open behind me and turning on lights before I hung up my jacket. Then I stood in the door, watching anxiously as Charlie and Jacob helped Billy out of the car and into his wheelchair. I backed out of the way as the three of them hurried in, shaking off the rain. â€Å"This is a surprise,† Charlie was saying. â€Å"It’s been too long,† Billy answered. â€Å"I hope it’s not a bad time.† His dark eyes flashed up to me again, their expression unreadable. â€Å"No, it’s great. I hope you can stay for the game.† Jacob grinned. â€Å"I think that’s the plan – our TV broke last week.† Billy made a face at his son. â€Å"And, of course, Jacob was anxious to see Bella again,† he added. Jacob scowled and ducked his head while I fought back a surge of remorse. Maybe I’d been too convincing on the beach. â€Å"Are you hungry?† I asked, turning toward the kitchen. I was eager to escape Billy’s searching gaze. â€Å"Naw, we ate just before we came,† Jacob answered. â€Å"How about you, Charlie?† I called over my shoulder as I fled around the corner. â€Å"Sure,† he replied, his voice moving in the direction of the front room and the TV. I could hear Billy’s chair follow. The grilled cheese sandwiches were in the frying pan and I was slicing up a tomato when I sensed someone behind me. â€Å"So, how are things?† Jacob asked. â€Å"Pretty good.† I smiled. His enthusiasm was hard to resist. â€Å"How about you? Did you finish your car?† â€Å"No.† He frowned. â€Å"I still need parts. We borrowed that one.† He pointed with his thumb in the direction of the front yard. â€Å"Sorry. I haven’t seen any†¦ what was it you were looking for?† â€Å"Master cylinder.† He grinned. â€Å"Is something wrong with the truck?† he added suddenly. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Oh. I just wondered because you weren’t driving it.† I stared down at the pan, pulling up the edge of a sandwich to check the bottom side. â€Å"I got a ride with a friend.† â€Å"Nice ride.† Jacob’s voice was admiring. â€Å"I didn’t recognize the driver, though. I thought I knew most of the kids around here.† I nodded noncommittally, keeping my eyes down as I flipped sandwiches. â€Å"My dad seemed to know him from somewhere.† â€Å"Jacob, could you hand me some plates? They’re in the cupboard over the sink.† â€Å"Sure.† He got the plates in silence. I hoped he would let it drop now. â€Å"So who was it?† he asked, setting two plates on the counter next to me. I sighed in defeat. â€Å"Edward Cullen.† To my surprise, he laughed. I glanced up at him. He looked a little embarrassed. â€Å"Guess that explains it, then,† he said. â€Å"I wondered why my dad was acting so strange.† â€Å"That’s right.† I faked an innocent expression. â€Å"He doesn’t like the Cullens.† â€Å"Superstitious old man,† Jacob muttered under his breath. â€Å"You don’t think he’d say anything to Charlie?† I couldn’t help asking, the words coming out in a low rush. Jacob stared at me for a moment, and I couldn’t read the expression in his dark eyes. â€Å"I doubt it,† he finally answered. â€Å"I think Charlie chewed him out pretty good last time. They haven’t spoken much since – tonight is sort of a reunion, I think. I don’t think he’d bring it up again.† â€Å"Oh,† I said, trying to sound indifferent. I stayed in the front room after I carried the food out to Charlie, pretending to watch the game while Jacob chattered at me. I was really listening to the men’s conversation, watching for any sign that Billy was about to rat me out, trying to think of ways to stop him if he began. It was a long night. I had a lot of homework that was going undone, but I was afraid to leave Billy alone with Charlie. Finally, the game ended. â€Å"Are you and your friends coming back to the beach soon?† Jacob asked as he pushed his father over the lip of the threshold. â€Å"I’m not sure,† I hedged. â€Å"That was fun, Charlie,† Billy said. â€Å"Come up for the next game,† Charlie encouraged. â€Å"Sure, sure,† Billy said. â€Å"We’ll be here. Have a good night.† His eyes shifted to mine, and his smile disappeared. â€Å"You take care, Bella,† he added seriously. â€Å"Thanks,† I muttered, looking away. I headed for the stairs while Charlie waved from the doorway. â€Å"Wait, Bella,† he said. I cringed. Had Billy gotten something in before I’d joined them in the living room? But Charlie was relaxed, still grinning from the unexpected visit. â€Å"I didn’t get a chance to talk to you tonight. How was your day?† â€Å"Good.† I hesitated with one foot on the first stair, searching for details I could safely share. â€Å"My badminton team won all four games.† â€Å"Wow, I didn’t know you could play badminton.† â€Å"Well, actually I can’t, but my partner is really good,† I admitted. â€Å"Who is it?† he asked with token interest. â€Å"Um†¦ Mike Newton,† I told him reluctantly. â€Å"Oh yeah – you said you were friends with the Newton kid.† He perked up. â€Å"Nice family.† He mused for a minute. â€Å"Why didn’t you ask him to the dance this weekend?† â€Å"Dad!† I groaned. â€Å"He’s kind of dating my friend Jessica. Besides, you know I can’t dance.† â€Å"Oh yeah,† he muttered. Then he smiled at me apologetically. â€Å"So I guess it’s good you’ll be gone Saturday†¦ I’ve made plans to go fishing with the guys from the station. The weather’s supposed to be real warm. But if you wanted to put your trip off till someone could go with you, I’d stay home. I know I leave you here alone too much. You read "Twilight 12. BALANCING" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"Dad, you’re doing a great job.† I smiled, hoping my relief didn’t show. â€Å"I’ve never minded being alone – I’m too much like you.† I winked at him, and he smiled his crinkly-eyed smile. I slept better that night, too tired to dream again. When I woke to the pearl gray morning, my mood was blissful. The tense evening with Billy and Jacob seemed harmless enough now; I decided to forget it completely. I caught myself whistling while I was pulling the front part of my hair back into a barrette, and later again as I skipped down the stairs. Charlie noticed. â€Å"You’re cheerful this morning,† he commented over breakfast. I shrugged. â€Å"It’s Friday.† I hurried so I would be ready to go the second Charlie left. I had my bag ready, shoes on, teeth brushed, but even though I rushed to the door as soon as I was sure Charlie would be out of sight, Edward was faster. He was waiting in his shiny car, windows down, engine off. I didn’t hesitate this time, climbing in the passenger side quickly, the sooner to see his face. He grinned his crooked smile at me, stopping my breath and my heart. I couldn’t imagine how an angel could be any more glorious. There was nothing about him that could be improved upon. â€Å"How did you sleep?† he asked. I wondered if he had any idea how appealing his voice was. â€Å"Fine. How was your night?† â€Å"Pleasant.† His smile was amused; I felt like I was missing an inside joke. â€Å"Can I ask what you did?† I asked. â€Å"No.† He grinned. â€Å"Today is still mine.† He wanted to know about people today: more about Ren? ¦e, her hobbies, what we’d done in our free time together. And then the one grandmother I’d known, my few school friends – embarrassing me when he asked about boys I’d dated. I was relieved that I’d never really dated anyone, so that particular conversation couldn’t last long. He seemed as surprised as Jessica and Angela by my lack of romantic history. â€Å"So you never met anyone you wanted?† he asked in a serious tone that made me wonder what he was thinking about. I was grudgingly honest. â€Å"Not in Phoenix.† His lips pressed together into a hard line. We were in the cafeteria at this point. The day had sped by in the blur that was rapidly becoming routine. I took advantage of his brief pause to take a bite of my bagel. â€Å"I should have let you drive yourself today,† he announced, apropos of nothing, while I chewed. â€Å"Why?† I demanded. â€Å"I’m leaving with Alice after lunch.† â€Å"Oh.† I blinked, bewildered and disappointed. â€Å"That’s okay, it’s not that far of a walk.† He frowned at me impatiently. â€Å"I’m not going to make you walk home. We’ll go get your truck and leave it here for you.† â€Å"I don’t have my key with me,† I sighed. â€Å"I really don’t mind walking.† What I minded was losing my time with him. He shook his head. â€Å"Your truck will be here, and the key will be in the ignition – unless you’re afraid someone might steal it.† He laughed at the thought. â€Å"All right,† I agreed, pursing my lips. I was pretty sure my key was in the pocket of a pair of jeans I wore Wednesday, under a pile of clothes in the laundry room. Even if he broke into my house, or whatever he was planning, he’d never find it. He seemed to feel the challenge in my consent. He smirked, overconfident. â€Å"So where are you going?† I asked as casually as I could manage. â€Å"Hunting,† he answered grimly. â€Å"If I’m going to be alone with you tomorrow, I’m going to take whatever precautions I can.† His face grew morose†¦ and pleading. â€Å"You can always cancel, you know.† I looked down, afraid of the persuasive power of his eyes. I refused to be convinced to fear him, no matter how real the danger might be. It doesn’t matter, I repeated in my head. â€Å"No,† I whispered, glancing back at his face. â€Å"I can’t.† â€Å"Perhaps you’re right,† he murmured bleakly. His eyes seemed to darken in color as I watched. I changed the subject. â€Å"What time will I see you tomorrow?† I asked, already depressed by the thought of him leaving now. â€Å"That depends†¦ it’s a Saturday, don’t you want to sleep in?† he offered. â€Å"No,† I answered too fast. He restrained a smile. â€Å"The same time as usual, then,† he decided. â€Å"Will Charlie be there?† â€Å"No, he’s fishing tomorrow.† I beamed at the memory of how conveniently things had worked out. His voice turned sharp. â€Å"And if you don’t come home, what will he think?† â€Å"I have no idea,† I answered coolly. â€Å"He knows I’ve been meaning to do the laundry. Maybe he’ll think I fell in the washer.† He scowled at me and I scowled back. His anger was much more impressive than mine. â€Å"What are you hunting tonight?† I asked when I was sure I had lost the glowering contest. â€Å"Whatever we find in the park. We aren’t going far.† He seemed bemused by my casual reference to his secret realities. â€Å"Why are you going with Alice?† I wondered. â€Å"Alice is the most†¦ supportive.† He frowned as he spoke. â€Å"And the others?† I asked timidly. â€Å"What are they?† His brow puckered for a brief moment. â€Å"Incredulous, for the most part.† I peeked quickly behind me at his family. They sat staring off in different directions, exactly the same as the first time I’d seen them. Only now they were four; their beautiful, bronze-haired brother sat across from me, his golden eyes troubled. â€Å"They don’t like me,† I guessed. â€Å"That’s not it,† he disagreed, but his eyes were too innocent. â€Å"They don’t understand why I can’t leave you alone.† I grimaced. â€Å"Neither do I, for that matter.† Edward shook his head slowly, rolling his eyes toward the ceiling before he met my gaze again. â€Å"I told you – you don’t see yourself clearly at all. You’re not like anyone I’ve ever known. You fascinate me.† I glared at him, sure he was teasing now. He smiled as he deciphered my expression. â€Å"Having the advantages I do,† he murmured, touching his forehead discreetly, â€Å"I have a better than average grasp of human nature. People are predictable. But you†¦ you never do what I expect. You always take me by surprise.† I looked away, my eyes wandering back to his family, embarrassed and dissatisfied. His words made me feel like a science experiment. I wanted to laugh at myself for expecting anything else. â€Å"That part is easy enough to explain,† he continued. I felt his eyes on my face but I couldn’t look at him yet, afraid he might read the chagrin in my eyes. â€Å"But there’s more†¦ and it’s not so easy to put into words -â€Å" I was still staring at the Cullens while he spoke. Suddenly Rosalie, his blond and breathtaking sister, turned to look at me. No, not to look – to glare, with dark, cold eyes. I wanted to look away, but her gaze held me until Edward broke off mid-sentence and made an angry noise under his breath. It was almost a hiss. Rosalie turned her head, and I was relieved to be free. I looked back at Edward – and I knew he could see the confusion and fear that widened my eyes. His face was tight as he explained. â€Å"I’m sorry about that. She’s just worried. You see†¦ it’s dangerous for more than just me if, after spending so much time with you so publicly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked down. â€Å"If?† â€Å"If this ends†¦ badly.† He dropped his head into his hands, as he had that night in Port Angeles. His anguish was plain; I yearned to comfort him, but I was at a loss to know how. My hand reached toward him involuntarily; quickly, though, I dropped it to the table, fearing that my touch would only make things worse. I realized slowly that his words should frighten me. I waited for that fear to come, but all I could seem to feel was an ache for his pain. And frustration – frustration that Rosalie had interrupted whatever he was about to say. I didn’t know how to bring it up again. He still had his head in his hands. I tried to speak in a normal voice. â€Å"And you have to leave now?† â€Å"Yes.† He raised his face; it was serious for a moment, and then his mood shifted and he smiled. â€Å"It’s probably for the best. We still have fifteen minutes of that wretched movie left to endure in Biology – I don’t think I could take any more.† I started. Alice – her short, inky hair in a halo of spiky disarray around her exquisite, elfin face – was suddenly standing behind his shoulder. Her slight frame was willowy, graceful even in absolute stillness. He greeted her without looking away from me. â€Å"Alice.† â€Å"Edward,† she answered, her high soprano voice almost as attractive as his. â€Å"Alice, Bella – Bella, Alice,† he introduced us, gesturing casually with his hand, a wry smile on his face. â€Å"Hello, Bella.† Her brilliant obsidian eyes were unreadable, but her smile was friendly. â€Å"It’s nice to finally meet you.† Edward flashed a dark look at her. â€Å"Hi, Alice,† I murmured shyly. â€Å"Are you ready?† she asked him. His voice was aloof. â€Å"Nearly. I’ll meet you at the car.† She left without another word; her walk was so fluid, so sinuous that I felt a sharp pang of jealousy. â€Å"Should I say ‘have fun,’ or is that the wrong sentiment?† I asked, turning back to him. â€Å"No, ‘have fun’ works as well as anything.† He grinned. â€Å"Have fun, then.† I worked to sound wholehearted. Of course I didn’t fool him. â€Å"I’ll try.† He still grinned. â€Å"And you try to be safe, please.† â€Å"Safe in Forks – what a challenge.† â€Å"For you it is a challenge.† His jaw hardened. â€Å"Promise.† â€Å"I promise to try to be safe,† I recited. â€Å"I’ll do the laundry tonight – that ought to be fraught with peril.† â€Å"Don’t fall in,† he mocked. â€Å"I’ll do my best.† He stood then, and I rose, too. â€Å"I’ll see you tomorrow,† I sighed. â€Å"It seems like a long time to you, doesn’t it?† he mused. I nodded glumly. â€Å"I’ll be there in the morning,† he promised, smiling his crooked smile. He reached across the table to touch my face, lightly brushing along my cheekbone again. Then he turned and walked away. I stared after him until he was gone. I was sorely tempted to ditch the rest of the day, at the very least Gym, but a warning instinct stopped me. I knew that if I disappeared now, Mike and others would assume I was with Edward. And Edward was worried about the time we’d spent together publicly†¦ if things went wrong. I refused to dwell on the last thought, concentrating instead on making things safer for him. I intuitively knew – and sensed he did, too – that tomorrow would be pivotal. Our relationship couldn’t continue to balance, as it did, on the point of a knife. We would fall off one edge or the other, depending entirely upon his decision, or his instincts. My decision was made, made before I’d ever consciously chosen, and I was committed to seeing it through. Because there was nothing more terrifying to me, more excruciating, than the thought of turning away from him. It was an impossibility. I went to class, feeling dutiful. I couldn’t honestly say what happened in Biology; my mind was too preoccupied with thoughts of tomorrow. In Gym, Mike was speaking to me again; he wished me a good time in Seattle. I carefully explained that I’d canceled my trip, worried about my truck. â€Å"Are you going to the dance with Cullen?† he asked, suddenly sulky. â€Å"No, I’m not going to the dance at all.† â€Å"What are you doing, then?† he asked, too interested. My natural urge was to tell him to butt out. Instead, I lied brightly. â€Å"Laundry, and then I have to study for the Trig test or I’m going to fail.† â€Å"Is Cullen helping you study?† â€Å"Edward,† I emphasized, â€Å"is not going to help me study. He’s gone away somewhere for the weekend.† The lies came more naturally than usual, I noted with surprise. â€Å"Oh.† He perked up. â€Å"You know, you could come to the dance with our group anyway – that would be cool. We’d all dance with you,† he promised. The mental image of Jessica’s face made my tone sharper than necessary. â€Å"I’m not going to the dance, Mike, okay?† â€Å"Fine.† He sulked again. â€Å"I was just offering.† When the school day had finally ended, I walked to the parking lot without enthusiasm. I did not especially want to walk home, but I couldn’t see how he would have retrieved my truck. Then again, I was starting to believe that nothing was impossible for him. The latter instinct proved correct – my truck sat in the same space he’d parked his Volvo in this morning. I shook my head, incredulous, as I opened the unlocked door and saw the key in the ignition. There was a piece of white paper folded on my seat. I got in and closed the door before I unfolded it. Two words were written in his elegant script. Be safe. The sound of the truck roaring to life frightened me. I laughed at myself. When I got home, the handle of the door was locked, the dead bolt unlocked, just as I’d left it this morning. Inside, I went straight to the laundry room. It looked just the same as I’d left it, too. I dug for my jeans and, after finding them, checked the pockets. Empty. Maybe I’d hung my key up after all, I thought, shaking my head. Following the same instinct that had prompted me to lie to Mike, I called Jessica on the pretense of wishing her luck at the dance. When she offered the same wish for my day with Edward, I told her about the cancellation. She was more disappointed than really necessary for a third-party observer to be. I said goodbye quickly after that. Charlie was absentminded at dinner, worried over something at work, I guessed, or maybe a basketball game, or maybe he was just really enjoying the lasagna – it was hard to tell with Charlie. â€Å"You know, Dad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I began, breaking into his reverie. â€Å"What’s that, Bell?† â€Å"I think you’re right about Seattle. I think I’ll wait until Jessica or someone else can go with me.† â€Å"Oh,† he said, surprised. â€Å"Oh, okay. So, do you want me to stay home?† â€Å"No, Dad, don’t change your plans. I’ve got a million things to do†¦ homework, laundry†¦ I need to go to the library and the grocery store. I’ll be in and out all day†¦ you go and have fun.† â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"Absolutely, Dad. Besides, the freezer is getting dangerously low on fish – we’re down to a two, maybe three years’ supply.† â€Å"You’re sure easy to live with, Bella.† He smiled. â€Å"I could say the same thing about you,† I said, laughing. The sound of my laughter was off, but he didn’t seem to notice. I felt so guilty for deceiving him that I almost took Edward’s advice and told him where I would be. Almost. After dinner, I folded clothes and moved another load through the dryer. Unfortunately it was the kind of job that only keeps hands busy. My mind definitely had too much free time, and it was getting out of control. I fluctuated between anticipation so intense that it was very nearly pain, and an insidious fear that picked at my resolve. I had to keep reminding myself that I’d made my choice, and I wasn’t going back on it. I pulled his note out of my pocket much more often than necessary to absorb the two small words he’d written. He wants me to be safe, I told myself again and again. I would just hold on to the faith that, in the end, that desire would win out over the others. And what was my other choice – to cut him out of my life? Intolerable. Besides, since I’d come to Forks, it really seemed like my life was about him. But a tiny voice in the back of my mind worried, wondering if it would hurt very much†¦ if it ended badly. I was relieved when it was late enough to be acceptable for bedtime. I knew I was far too stressed to sleep, so I did something I’d never done before. I deliberately took unnecessary cold medicine – the kind that knocked me out for a good eight hours. I normally wouldn’t condone that type of behavior in myself, but tomorrow would be complicated enough without me being loopy from sleep deprivation on top of everything else. While I waited for the drugs to kick in, I dried my clean hair till it was impeccably straight, and fussed over what I would wear tomorrow. With everything ready for the morning, I finally lay in my bed. I felt hyper; I couldn’t stop twitching. I got up and rifled through my shoebox of CDs until I found a collection of Chopin’s nocturnes. I put that on very quietly and then lay down again, concentrating on relaxing individual parts of my body. Somewhere in the middle of that exercise, the cold pills took effect, and I gladly sank into unconsciousness. I woke early, having slept soundly and dreamlessly thanks to my gratuitous drug use. Though I was well rested, I slipped right back into the same hectic frenzy from the night before. I dressed in a rush, smoothing my collar against my neck, fidgeting with the tan sweater till it hung right over my jeans. I sneaked a swift look out the window to see that Charlie was already gone. A thin, cottony layer of clouds veiled the sky. They didn’t look very lasting. I ate breakfast without tasting the food, hurrying to clean up when I was done. I peeked out the window again, but nothing had changed. I had just finished brushing my teeth and was heading back downstairs when a quiet knock sent my heart thudding against my rib cage. I flew to the door; I had a little trouble with the simple dead bolt, but I yanked the door open at last, and there he was. All the agitation dissolved as soon as I looked at his face, calm taking its place. I breathed a sigh of relief – yesterday’s fears seemed very foolish with him here. He wasn’t smiling at first – his face was somber. But then his expression lightened as he looked me over, and he laughed. â€Å"Good morning,† he chuckled. â€Å"What’s wrong?† I glanced down to make sure I hadn’t forgotten anything important, like shoes, or pants. â€Å"We match.† He laughed again. I realized he had a long, light tan sweater on, with a white collar showing underneath, and blue jeans. I laughed with him, hiding a secret twinge of regret – why did he have to look like a runway model when I couldn’t? I locked the door behind me while he walked to the truck. He waited by the passenger door with a martyred expression that was easy to understand. â€Å"We made a deal,† I reminded him smugly, climbing into the driver’s seat, and reaching over to unlock his door. â€Å"Where to?† I asked. â€Å"Put your seat belt on – I’m nervous already.† I gave him a dirty look as I complied. â€Å"Where to?† I repeated with a sigh. â€Å"Take the one-oh-one north,† he ordered. It was surprisingly difficult to concentrate on the road while feeling his gaze on my face. I compensated by driving more carefully than usual through the still-sleeping town. â€Å"Were you planning to make it out of Forks before nightfall?† â€Å"This truck is old enough to be your car’s grandfather – have some respect,† I retorted. We were soon out of the town limits, despite his negativity. Thick underbrush and green-swathed trunks replaced the lawns and houses. â€Å"Turn right on the one-ten,† he instructed just as I was about to ask. I obeyed silently. â€Å"Now we drive until the pavement ends.† I could hear a smile in his voice, but I was too afraid of driving off the road and proving him right to look over and be sure. â€Å"And what’s there, at the pavement’s end?† I wondered. â€Å"A trail.† â€Å"We’re hiking?† Thank goodness I’d worn tennis shoes. â€Å"Is that a problem?† He sounded as if he’d expected as much. â€Å"No.† I tried to make the lie sound confident. But if he thought my truck was slow†¦ â€Å"Don’t worry, it’s only five miles or so, and we’re in no hurry.† Five miles. I didn’t answer, so that he wouldn’t hear my voice crack in panic. Five miles of treacherous roots and loose stones, trying to twist my ankles or otherwise incapacitate me. This was going to be humiliating. We drove in silence for a while as I contemplated the coming horror. â€Å"What are you thinking?† he asked impatiently after a few moments. I lied again. â€Å"Just wondering where we’re going.† â€Å"It’s a place I like to go when the weather is nice.† We both glanced out the windows at the thinning clouds after he spoke. â€Å"Charlie said it would be warm today.† â€Å"And did you tell Charlie what you were up to?† he asked. â€Å"Nope.† â€Å"But Jessica thinks we’re going to Seattle together?† He seemed cheered by the idea. â€Å"No, I told her you canceled on me – which is true.† â€Å"No one knows you’re with me?† Angrily, now. â€Å"That depends†¦ I assume you told Alice?† â€Å"That’s very helpful, Bella,† he snapped. I pretended I didn’t hear that. â€Å"Are you so depressed by Forks that it’s made you suicidal?† he demanded when I ignored him. â€Å"You said it might cause trouble for you†¦ us being together publicly,† I reminded him. â€Å"So you’re worried about the trouble it might cause me- if you don’t come home?† His voice was still angry, and bitingly sarcastic. I nodded, keeping my eyes on the road. He muttered something under his breath, speaking so quickly that I couldn’t understand. We were silent for the rest of the drive. I could feel the waves of infuriated disapproval rolling off of him, and I could think of nothing to say. And then the road ended, constricting to a thin foot trail with a small wooden marker. I parked on the narrow shoulder and stepped out, afraid because he was angry with me and I didn’t have driving as an excuse not to look at him. It was warm now, warmer than it had been in Forks since the day I’d arrived, almost muggy under the clouds. I pulled off my sweater and knotted it around my waist, glad that I’d worn the light, sleeveless shirt – especially if I had five miles of hiking ahead of me. I heard his door slam, and looked over to see that he’d removed his sweater, too. He was facing away from me, into the unbroken forest beside my truck. â€Å"This way,† he said, glancing over his shoulder at me, eyes still annoyed. He started into the dark forest. â€Å"The trail?† Panic was clear in my voice as I hurried around the truck to catch up to him. â€Å"I said there was a trail at the end of the road, not that we were taking it.† â€Å"No trail?† I asked desperately. â€Å"I won’t let you get lost.† He turned then, with a mocking smile, and I stifled a gasp. His white shirt was sleeveless, and he wore it unbuttoned, so that the smooth white skin of his throat flowed uninterrupted over the marble contours of his chest, his perfect musculature no longer merely hinted at behind concealing clothes. He was too perfect, I realized with a piercing stab of despair. There was no way this godlike creature could be meant for me. He stared at me, bewildered by my tortured expression. â€Å"Do you want to go home?† he said quietly, a different pain than mine saturating his voice. â€Å"No.† I walked forward till I was close beside him, anxious not to waste one second of whatever time I might have with him. â€Å"What’s wrong?† he asked, his voice gentle. â€Å"I’m not a good hiker,† I answered dully. â€Å"You’ll have to be very patient.† â€Å"I can be patient – if I make a great effort.† He smiled, holding my glance, trying to lift me out of my sudden, unexplained dejection. I tried to smile back, but the smile was unconvincing. He scrutinized my face. â€Å"I’ll take you home,† he promised. I couldn’t tell if the promise was unconditional, or restricted to an immediate departure. I knew he thought it was fear that upset me, and I was grateful again that I was the one person whose mind he couldn’t hear. â€Å"If you want me to hack five miles through the jungle before sundown, you’d better start leading the way,† I said acidly. He frowned at me, struggling to understand my tone and expression. He gave up after a moment and led the way into the forest. It wasn’t as hard as I had feared. The way was mostly flat, and he held the damp ferns and webs of moss aside for me. When his straight path took us over fallen trees or boulders, he would help me, lifting me by the elbow, and then releasing me instantly when I was clear. His cold touch on my skin never failed to make my heart thud erratically. Twice, when that happened, I caught a look on his face that made me sure he could somehow hear it. I tried to keep my eyes away from his perfection as much as possible, but I slipped often. Each time, his beauty pierced me through with sadness. For the most part, we walked in silence. Occasionally he would ask a random question that he hadn’t gotten to in the past two days of interrogation. He asked about my birthdays, my grade school teachers, my childhood pets – and I had to admit that after killing three fish in a row, I’d given up on the whole institution. He laughed at that, louder than I was used to – bell-like echoes bouncing back to us from the empty woods. The hike took me most of the morning, but he never showed any sign of impatience. The forest spread out around us in a boundless labyrinth of ancient trees, and I began to be nervous that we would never find our way out again. He was perfectly at ease, comfortable in the green maze, never seeming to feel any doubt about our direction. After several hours, the light that filtered through the canopy transformed, the murky olive tone shifting to a brighter jade. The day had turned sunny, just as he’d foretold. For the first time since we’d entered the woods, I felt a thrill of excitement – which quickly turned to impatience. â€Å"Are we there yet?† I teased, pretending to scowl. â€Å"Nearly.† He smiled at the change in my mood. â€Å"Do you see the brightness ahead?† I peered into the thick forest. â€Å"Um, should I?† He smirked. â€Å"Maybe it’s a bit soon for your eyes.† â€Å"Time to visit the optometrist,† I muttered. His smirk grew more pronounced. But then, after another hundred yards, I could definitely see a lightening in the trees ahead, a glow that was yellow instead of green. I picked up the pace, my eagerness growing with every step. He let me lead now, following noiselessly. I reached the edge of the pool of light and stepped through the last fringe of ferns into the loveliest place I had ever seen. The meadow was small, perfectly round, and filled with wildflowers – violet, yellow, and soft white. Somewhere nearby, I could hear the bubbling music of a stream. The sun was directly overhead, filling the circle with a haze of buttery sunshine. I walked slowly, awestruck, through the soft grass, swaying flowers, and warm, gilded air. I halfway turned, wanting to share this with him, but he wasn’t behind me where I thought he’d be. I spun around, searching for him with sudden alarm. Finally I spotted him, still under the dense shade of the canopy at the edge of the hollow, watching me with cautious eyes. Only then did I remember what the beauty of the meadow had driven from my mind – the enigma of Edward and the sun, which he’d promised to illustrate for me today. I took a step back toward him, my eyes alight with curiosity. His eyes were wary, reluctant. I smiled encouragingly and beckoned to him with my hand, taking another step back to him. He held up a hand in warning, and I hesitated, rocking back onto my heels. Edward seemed to take a deep breath, and then he stepped out into the bright glow of the midday sun. How to cite Twilight 12. BALANCING, Essay examples

Overcoming Asymmetric Power Relations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Overcoming Asymmetric Power Relations. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management is considered to be an essential part of the business process. If the recruitment and selection of a business goes well then there exists high chances of organizational success. According to Cascio (2018), the recruiters often tend to have a dominating nature in the process of recruitment as well as selection. Due to the poor condition of the economy, the employees often succumb to this pressure and do whatever is asked out of them. The primary aim of the given report is to develop certain recommendations with respect to the overcoming of the asymmetrical power relationship between the recruiter and the candidate. Recommendations to overcome the Asymmetrical Power Relationship between the recruiter and the candidate According to Bratton and Gold (2017), the power relationships during the recruitment and selection process are quite different. The recruitment procedure tends cost less whereas the applicant dominates the recruitment and the recruiter dominates the selection process. Given in this section are four recommendations to overcome these asymmetric power relations: The recruiters should be developing specific selection criteria so as to make the process of hiring easier Selection criterias lay a major role in the process of recruitment and selection. Selection Criterias can be defined as a specific set of requirements that the candidate is require to fulfill in order to be selected for a particular job (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). The competency based selection helps the recruiter in ht process of recruitment as it becomes simple for the recruiter to just employ and go forward with those employees who have the relevant skills which are required for the job. Very often the recruiters do not state down any relevant skills or set criteria in a job requirement and during the last interview they state down their selection criteria which lead to loss of time and energy from the side of the candidate. In such a condition, the power of the recruiter is very high and the candidates very often have to succumb under the pressure of the given employees (Gatewood, Field and Barrick 2015). The setting down of well defined selection criteria has several othe r long term benefits as well like: Reduction in turnover- Setting a well defined selection criterias helps in hiring of the workers who tend to be suitable for the job. This goes a long way in reducing the turnover rate of the organization. Diverse workforce- Selection criterias vary from department to department and helps the organization to foster a work environment which consists of all kinds of people. Reduction in costs- The recruitment and selection process is a very complicated and expensive one. The candidates often need to be paid for the process and if at the end their capabilities differ from the selection criteria then it is wastage of time for both the recruiter and the applicant. Improves the Quality of the workforce- If all the people who are hired on the basis of the selection criteria are actually employed, the organization shall have a better work force for the company (Stone and Stone 2013). These competencies can be formed by: Planning Management indulgence Example of Selection Criteria Knowledge of Microsoft Office Tools Excellent communication skills The recruiters should set up the process of a vigorous application form which should be very detailed The procedure of recruitment is extremely lengthy. The recruitment wants to gain full knowledge about a candidate and for this purpose; he or she very often conducts a detailed interviews to understand the background and job aspirations of the employee. It is suggested that instead of doing so; the employer can form a comprehensive and detailed application form in order to gather information and background of the given candidate (Snell, Morris and Bohlander 2015). The application form can be attached with the certificates of the employees and d this can help the organization to select and screen the candidates before hand before inviting them for the rigorous interview process. The data which can be gathered in the application form are as follows: Personal details Education Employment history Activities and interests References Reasons for applying Competency questions As observed from the first recommendation, the application forms should also comprise of the selection criteria for the post and ask for relevant responses from the candidates. They will be required to given in detailed answers with real life experiences as a response (Newsome et al. 2015). This will solve the requirement of the extra interviews and the candidate can just proceed for a competency test and final interview. This saves a huge amount of cost ranging from facilities for the candidates to salaries of the interview panel. This shall help in cutting costs which will help in improving the asymmetric distribution of power. The new concept of video resume can be used in order to innovative the recruitment and selection process Resumes can be defined as a formal document which consists of the skills and capabilities of a candidate who is applying for a particular job. The resume consists of the following contents: Career Objectives of the employee Educational Background Employment and work history (Renwick, Redman and Maguire 2013). Other related experiences Skills and achievements Awards received Projects completed Interests and Hobbies Memberships or Professional Organizations Personal background References This list of information tends to provide a detailed synopsis of the life of the candidate applied for the job. They tend to serve as an introduction and resume screening forms and effective part of job aspect (Nickson 2013). However, lately the process of resume screening has become a rather rigorous process and is quite time consuming as well. Secondly there exist two other issues with the traditional style of resumes as follows: Not all information given in the given resume is always true. The candidate can give false details regarding the criteria and experience so as to impress the interview panel. Secondly, there are various professional resume makers available who can be hired to make the given resume so as to make it look good and attractive. Hence, the recommendations state that the given resume style should be changed and the concept of a vide resume should be introduced in order to figure out how the candidate is in real. The video resume will comprise of a similar format where the candidates will give details of all the relevant components of the interview (Brewster et al. 2016). The only difference is that it will be in a video component and the candidates will speak for themselves. This way the interview panel will be able to understand the communications skills of the candidates along with their confidence level. From the candidates point of view, they can apply into two or three similar jobs in a similar industry in order to eliminate the cost of a job. During the asymmetric power relation in the recruitment and selection procedure of a job hire there exist a dominating power of the recruiter with respect to the candidate. To overcome the given situation, it is suggested that the candidate should not just rely on one company and put in his or her entire effort in that one particular aspect of the job. Instead the candidate should see to it and invest his time in similar job profiles in different companies in a similar industry or a different one (Ben-Ari and Enosh 2013). In such a scenario, the candidate would be having a variety of options at his disposal and then he can balance out his opportunities at the various enterprises. There exists a high probability that the candidate may be able to crack one of the interviews. If he is able to do so then, he will be able to overcome the cost of the time he wasted in the job interview in the given company. In this manner, he would not have wasted his time in the particular interview procedure for too long and he also would get a job in return of his efforts which would then raise his position in the in the asymmetric power relation and he would not be required to succumb to pressure in such a scenario (Thompson, Parker and Cox 2015). If he has various opportunities at his disposal then it would be easy for him to stand on his ground and not take up a job which is not suitable for his post or indulge in an activity which is unethical. The power of the recruiters arises when they understand that the employees do not have any other option as to their employment. On the other hand, the employees themselves feel succumbed under pressure and they often accept any job which is not at par with their qualifications. Hence, if they have other opportunities along side they can balance the power relations with the recruiters. Conclusion Therefore from the above it can be stated that there exists a high degree of asymmetric power relations between the recruiters and the candidates because of criterias like lack of jobs and peer pressure. The assignment states certain ways in which these can be removed and the power can be balanced properly. References Ben-Ari, A. and Enosh, G., 2013. Power relations and reciprocity: Dialectics of knowledge construction.Qualitative Health Research,23(3), pp.422-429. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. ,2017.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P. and Vernon, G., 2016.International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S. and Barrick, M. ,2015.Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Newsome, K., Taylor, P., Bair, J. and Rainnie, A. eds., 2015.Putting labour in its place: labour process analysis and global value chains. Palgrave. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Snell, S.A., Morris, S. and Bohlander, G.W., 2015.Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Stone, R.J. and Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Thompson, P., Parker, R. and Cox, S., 2015. Labour and asymmetric power relations in global value chains: The digital entertainment industries and beyond.Putting labour in its place: labour process analysis and global value chains, pp.45-63.

The Insider Essay Research Paper The movie free essay sample

The Insider Essay, Research Paper The film, The Insider, is about Jeffrey Wigand, a former baccy executive of one of the largest baccy companies in America. He is fired from his occupation, and is shortly contacted by Lowell Bergman, the manufacturer of 60 proceedingss. Bergman, played by Al Pacino, asks Wigand, played by Russell Crowe, to do sense of some documents about fire statistics, which belong to, baccy company, Wilson Phillips These documents cryptically show up on his doorsill. Wigand lets it drop that he has some inside information about Big Tobacco, a group of the seven biggest baccy companies. The information pertains to a chemical put into coffin nails that the CEOs of the seven midgets are cognizant are habit-forming. Large Tobacco has neer lost a personal hurts instance because their defence until so has been that they aren t certain if coffin nails are habit-forming. Bergman convinces Wigand to state his obliging narrative, and let it to be circulated throughout the media, by stating Wigand that it i s for the good of the state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Insider Essay Research Paper The movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bergman and Wigand turn a bond throughout the film, but are showered by letdown when all the different types of media garbage to aerate the narrative because of the effects that come along with it. Finally, they get the narrative into the newspapers. Based on a true narrative, The Insider s Bergman and Wigand put their lives, callings, reputes, and household at hazard by standing up against Big Tobacco. In this film, it was evident that the bottom-line was of import when make up ones minding on whether or non to aerate the narrative. But you can t regulation out the headline. After all, the headline effected the bottom-line vastly. It was because the headline was so unsafe, and controversial that the managers of the web decided they wouldn t allow the narrative to be aired. They would hold been sued, and would hold lost their repute as a respectable show, because one of Big Tobacco s defence has been to out pass their resistance. The money that would hold been spent on tribunal inst ances effects the web s bottom-line. In The Insider the ultimate power of determination appeared to lie, non in the custodies of the manufacturer, but in the custodies of the web the show aired on. When the section that trades with legal actions told the business department of the effects the story will have, and how the story wasn t worth the consequences, the network demanded that Bergman not air the story. Censorship plays a large part in the story. In the movie, Wigand is put through a rehearsal before the actual show. The most important parts of his confession are censored. He wasn t told about the changes until after the show is aired. Legally, the network didn t have to tell him, but by giving out a small portion of his story, he was subjected to ridicule because the show didn t give any of his evidence. He seemed unsupported with his accusations. Overall, I felt the film was a fair and balanced representation of how things work, at least in this situation. On the DVD version of The Insider the real Jeffrey Wigand and Lowell Bergman are interviewed. In their interview they say that the film is an amazing representation of what they lived through, and that not only was it accurate, but incredibly made, as well. I don t believe this way of doing business will ever change. Why would it? The big companies will always have the power, if not legally, than forcefully. Throughout the movie, Wigand and his family are subjected to the fear of finding bullets in their mailboxes, and threatening notes on their computers, and the worst of all, people, with guns, walking on their property at night. The smaller people in the world have to fight a hard and nasty fight to compete. Also, companies have so much more money than individuals. One person alone could not take on a major tobacco company, and six others who are supporting your opposition. There is no chance of a win. Also, in terms of the media s part in this story, the network s directors are the ones who decide what is aired on their channel. They would not put their lives, along with everyone else who works for the network, on the line for a major story. As major as a headline is, it effects the bottom-line, which is too importan t to overlook. There is nothing one can do about it. There are many businessmen in the world and none of them are going to put a good story ahead of their paychecks. At best, they ll sell the story to someone who is willing to take the risk.

Gender Discrimination in the Underdeveloped World.

Gender Discrimination in the Underdeveloped World. Women across the globe experience gender discrimination in varied forms and cultural levels, and although gender equality is becoming stronger by the decade, this social disparity is still greatly in control of cultural habits around the world, especially in Africa, the Middle East and oriental Asian nations such as China. "Discrimination against girls and women in the developing world is a devastating reality. It results in millions of individual tragedies, which add up to lost potential for entire countries." (Mullins, 1) International studies have shown there is a direct link between economic growth and a countries attitude towards women, and this should be expected because if half of the society suffers so will the whole. Practices such as female gender mutilation (FGM) which is customary in some cultures in North Africa, affect nearly 2 million girls a year. This and recent high levels of female infanticide in China are primary examples of the social effects of gender discrimina tion in the developing world.English: The approximate prevalence of Female Geni...Gender prejudice exists even in nations where gender equality is at its highest level, such as North America and Europe, but in many societies in Africa and Asia, the discrimination often fatally affects the female population.In developed countries girls grow up encouraged to feel equal to boys in every way. They have much more similar opportunities, dreams, and objectives to boys. In developing countries girls are taught that women are inferior to men, and therefore will have to submit to male domination. This shows that the causes for gender discrimination are solely perpetuated discriminatory beliefs taught from generation to generation.In Africa a woman's right to decide with whom, when and with what protection she wishes to have sex, is denied. This has resulted in the spreading of AIDS and other STD's across the continent. The average...

MARKETING OF LONDON EYE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MARKETING OF LONDON EYE - Essay Example All these questions can be answered with a help of marketing research that is irreplaceable in business strategy. If we try to look at the modern economic sector more attentively, we can state that indeed marketing is everywhere. It is rather hard to imagine a firm that proposes new product to the market without using any marketing principles and after all successfully operates in the conditions of free competition. Today wide range of goods and services compel to care about advertising elements more meticulously, making any attempt to attract consumers’ attention and persuade them to purchase a product of your brand. Only detailed analysis of the market situation is able to lead entrepreneur to the right direction. In this respect, it is vital to use marketing strategies that contain several interconnected elements and elaborate clear step-by-step scheme concerning each of them. Historically marketing appeared long time ago. In 1960 American professor and marketer, McCarthy, has formulated the concept of Marketing Mix, which consists of four elements called simply Four Ps. It is fair to admit that each factor of the mentioned concept is vital for the life circle of the product, because consequences of one element are able to influence on the work of others, which in own turn affect financial results of the company’s performance. Therefore nowadays small and large enterprises assign a big role to the marketing department, which conducts marketing surveys, researches, analysis and creates stimulus for the work of other departments. For further and deeper understanding of the Marketing Mix principles, the London Eye has been chosen as an example of favorable marketing performance. With a help of information about observation wheel’s performance it is easy to see the Four Ps on stream and draw up recommendations concerning a future development of the company. As it has been already mentioned before, all elements

GEOLOGY HOMEWORK ASSIGNMNET Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GEOLOGY HOMEWORK ASSIGNMNET - Essay Example Until recently, it was accepted that we live in the Holocene epoch which began at the end of the last ice age. However, the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen coined the word Anthropocene epoch. The Anthopocene epoch can be considered to have begun sometime in the late 19th or early 20th century. This is because, human impact upon the world has grown much more prominent since the last century and continues to do so with the human population being quadrupled in this period and the human biomass already being much larger than that of any species that ever existed on earth. The concept of a new epoch after the Holocene epoch was first introduced by an Italian geologist named Antonio Stoppani in 1870, but was rejected as unscientific. Since then however the human impact on earth has grown by immense standards and thus the Anthropocene epoch can be said to have begun after the late 19th century. I do support the concept of the Anthropocene epoch primarily because along with the increase in popula tion, the impact of technology on the earth cannot be overlooked.

Hesiod's Theogony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hesiod's Theogony - Essay Example We can therefore conclude that the cosmogony, as well as the theogony, is a representation of the universality of the world. These are representations of the realistic order of the world. According to mythology, the universe has gone several states from generation to generation and yet humans are still considered part of creation that only serve the balance and harmony of creation. We have no authority or power that could surpass the power of the gods. Theogony and cosmogony are realizations of the governing of things in the universe. Humans are a part of creation and that they have the authority to manage other creations. They are considered more special compared to other worldly creatures. On the contrary, they cannot be as powerful as the gods. They cannot be on the same ground as the gods. The story of Prometheus was an example of this governing and ordering of things. He was punished for his disobedience, and this first part of cosmogony just shows how inferior or powerless humans are compared to the gods. The place or position of humans whether in Greek mythology or the Genesis story of creation expresses authority and governess over the other creations on earth. It is more definite than the story of power struggle among gods. As a whole, humans are the center of balance and harmony in the real world.

Role Of Women In The Indian Armed Forces History Essay

Role Of Women In The Indian Armed Forces History Essay In recorded human history women soldiers have been part of each and every campaign, performing variety of tasks such as ammunition carriers, picking up a weapon of a fallen soldier, washing, mending and cooking. World war II, Vietnam war and technological revolutions affected intake of male recruits in Europe, Asian armies and USA that led to induction of women soldiers to fill the vacancies. The USA has the highest representation of nearly 14 percent women soldiers today, many of whom participated in the Gulf wars. Other European armies also have a healthy number of women soldiers in the armed forces. China has also integrated women into the military over the last 50 years. The pioneers of the integration of the women in South Asia, both in officers and ranks was the Sri Lankan armed forces in year 1984 , followed by India in officers rank in 1991 and Nepal in 2003. Indias decision to induct women officers was based on populist consideration than military necessities. Pakistan, Bang ladesh and Bhutan employ women basically in medical role.  [1]   The recent SC ruling and HC judgement to allow permanent commission  [2]  to women has made all the three services to think as to the future role of women in Indian Armed Forces. The induction of women in Indian Army started with the Grant of Short Service Commission (SSC) for 5 years in the year 1991. Then the time limit for them to serve in the army as been increased over the years and is presently at 14 years. Presently women officers are getting commissioned into the services ie ASC, AOC, EME and combat support arms of Engrs, Signals and AAD, in addition to the Medical Corps. In accordance with the ruling of the apex court the Indian Army has agreed to grant permanent commission to women officers in JAG branch, Army Education Corps and Medical Corps of the Army. However, a number of litigation has been filed for grant of permanent commission into fighting arms like infantry and comb support arm such as Engineers, Artillery, AAD etc. However, before any decision is taken we ne ed to carry out a holistic vew of the integration of women into the Army with two important guiding factors. 3. The debate to integrate women into in more non-traditional roles in the military have been raging since ages. Both for or against this topic have iron clad reasons.  [3]  On one hand some people believe that the increased power of military technology and Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) have led to the realisation that actual confrontation between major powers to be avoided, however any future conflicts would be under the umbrella of technology. This would involve a tech savy force and hence larger employment for women. Also the role of women in our society has changed over time. Also women have served in armed forces since ancient times and the chorus for their integration have only grown louder. In Indian history also numerous examples of women soldiers and officers exists. Rani of Jhansi Brigade of Indian National Army (INA) was formed on 9 Sep 1943 in Singapore under Capt Lakshmi Swaminathan Sehgal who was a doctor by profession. This force operated in the jungles of M alay and was very effective. Also the Nursing Corps of the Indian Army was raised in march 1889 and by 1939-40 their strength grew to 6000 trained nurses. These nurses had served British and Indian troops in India, Aden, Mesopotamia and Egypt during World War I and during World War II they served exceptionally well in different theatres of war in Middle East, Europe, Africa and the Far East. History is replete with stories of women in battle.  [4]  Not only in the western world, but also in the eastern, several examples of the battle are there where women have actively participated. Indian sub-continent also has an age long of history of battles participated by women. Although military profession is considered as the male-dominated occupation, women have also played such a diverse role that possibility of their involvement in any military duties can not be neglected. 4. Society has traditionally viewed women as out of place both in organisations responsible for the implementation of military force and in applying lethal force as individuals. The use of lethal force is so strongly associated with the ideas of masculinity that the ability to use it is one of the defining traits of mankind. War is traditionally viewed as a masculine enterprise in this man dominated society. Military service has long been a masculine rite of passage. Men have traditionally sought to idealistically fight for peace, home and family. They want to protect women and not to compete with them. The soldiers world has traditionally been a masculine haven. Their accession into a predominantly gender segregated institution like military has been protected by both law and cultural tradition in most of the countries. 5. The human achievements in the field of science and technology has changed not only the human lifestyle but has also helped to change the world order. Military activities including the organisations, roles, responsibilities and threats have also been changed with the changes that have taken place in various other sectors of life. There are lots of roles that can be played equally or even more efficiently by women in the armed forces in comparison with the men.  [5]  This study will try to find out the most suitable roles for the women in the armed forces and suggest whether the women could be employed as combatants in the armed forces or not. 6. With the induction of women the Services are now coming in line with the main stream, where social change in favour of the female gender began with the freedom movement. Yet, at the same time, it cannot be ignored that since the Armed Forces are extremely high-profiled, a dramatic change like this would indeed filter down to the common masses of India. There could not be a more positive experiment than this, for it has not only professional advantages for many women but also sociological benefits for them and the nation as a whole. Of course like anything new it would have teething problems. However, a mature democracy like India and its people know that given time any experiment can be molded to the advantage of everyone. Statement of Problem 7. To study and analyse the role of women in Infantry and effect on morale and op effectiveness of frontline units. Justification of the Study 8. The role of women in the armed forces for a long time, was limited to the medical profession i.e. doctors and nurses. In 1992, the doors were thrown open for women entry as regular officers in aviation, logistics, law, engineering and executive cadres. Thousands of spirited young women applied against advertisements and it was a turning point in the history of time. These women chose a new field where they had to painstakingly pave a path for the others to follow. The initial adjustment problems werent as much for the women as it was for the men. Wrapped in their tradition of chivalry and respect to women, most gentlemen officers could not treat their female counterparts at par with themselves.  [6]  Their subordinates too, were men who came from conservative families where they saw women playing only traditional roles. The emergence of these women into totally male dominated bastions did initially create embarrassing moments for both. Men hushed their talks and behaved courte ously, while women had to do with makeshift arrangements to suit their needs within units. Over the years and having come a long way now, men have realized that these women in uniform are their efficient and able co-workers. The time is not far when we may use the term sisters-in-arms as equivalent to brothers-in-arms. 9. Currently, women in the non-medical cadre, serve as Short Service Commissioned (SSC) officers. Under this type of commission, they can serve in the armed forces for a period ranging from 5-14 years. On release they can pursue a career in the civil sector. Now women have start clamouring for opening up of the permanent commission in the armed forces and also to be part of Infantry units to ensure equality of opportunity. Employment of women in combat has become a hot issue at present. Two different schools of thought do exist amongst the scholars. The first claim that women are equally capable of men to perform the job and its the matter of equality also, whereas the supporters of latter idea claim that it is the exploitation of women to employ in combat because they are not physically and psychologically fit to perform the job. This debate needs to be carried out in detail. 10. There are numerous examples of women taking part in battles in the past. Indeed, throughout human history, most societies have kept women from fighting with the frontline troops. Those women who fought were often forced by circumstances or were given a chance only when men were in short supply. In essence, most societies have restricted women from serving in the military as they have restricted them from other male-dominated occupations.  [7]   11. This study is prompted by a soldier scholars long abiding interest in the subject triggered off by great interaction with some ardent feminists of the National Cadet Corps during his college years. The aim of this study is to analyse the issues involved in the Indian context on the induction of women as personal below officers rank in the Army, blanking out the interference of noise and dust raised by over enthusiastic social scientists, ivory tower scholars and militant feminists, to bring out the core issues involved. Scope 12. In this study a brief historical perspective of women in combat roles will be discussed followed by roles performed by the women in the armed forces. Womens involvement in insurgency and the requirement and employment of women in combat will be the major aspect of the study. Methods of Data Collection 13. The research methodology adopted for this study is by descriptive and analytical method. The sources of this study are the books, periodicals and newspapers available in the Defence Services Staff College library. Similarly the other sources include internet web pages, previous studies in the similar field and some informal interaction with the student officers from various countries attending the 68th staff course. The Bibliography of sources is appended at the end of text. Organisation of the Study 14. The study is presented in nine chapters as under:- Introduction Historical Perspective Issues involved in inducting women in the frontlines units in armed forces. Expanded role prospects. Experiences of women in combat. Summary and recommendations. Conclusion. CHAPTER II HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE As the ladies clad in their saries marched past to the sound of the bugle and the beatings of the drum, there could be traced not a touch of all the frailties that are so commonly attributed to them. No faltering, no hesitancy, no softness associated in popular minds with the womanhood of Bengal but chivalry written on every face and manifest in every movement. Colonel Latika Ghosh. 15. Mythology is replete with instances of warrior women who were revered, worshipped like the `Shakti, consort of Shiva the Destroyer, mother of all warriors, and who manifested herself as Durga the warrior goddess, to fight and destroy evil. The Greek Goddess Athena, the Roman Diana, the Nordic Valkyries and the Amazons are cases in point. 16. The ancient Greeks, for example, Amazons so dedicated to warfare that each one of hem cut off one of their breast to improve her ability to shoot and throw spears. The Americans can point to colonist Margaret Corbin who, during the British attack on Fort Washington in the Revolutionary War, operated a cannon until she was seriously wounded. In the history of women in battle there is a combination of myth and exaggeration, sprinkled with a few true heroic accounts of unique women. Through out history, most societies have banned women from military service. As was the case in Soviet Union during World War II. .  [8]   17. Instances of warrior women are scattered all over history. The Celtic Queen Boadicea, Joan of Arc of France and nearer home Razia Sultan, Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Kittur Chinnamma Rani Durgawati of Gondwana, Chand bibi of Ahmednagar are good examples of women fighters. Our freedon movement is replete with examples of courageous women leaving the Chaar Diwari of their household to secure freedom from the British Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Devi Chattopadhya, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani, revolutionaries like Durga Bhabhi, Bina Das, Shanti Gosh and Suniti Chaudhary2 and in the Indian National Army, Colonel Latika Ghosh and Captain Lakshmi Sah ­gal Kshatriya are just a few of the prominent names. 18. But despite all the above, the number of women warriors is minuscule. This highlights the fact that due to whatever physiological or sociological reasons, society at large evolved a role for the women in professions of nurture and culture rather than soldiering. We hear of women, as great mothers, wives and sisters who have nurtured famous warriors more than as famous generals or leaders of men in battle. This becomes obvious when one notices that no force of soldiery ever travelled far without its detachment of wives, concubines and hangers on, who cheerfully shouldered the burdens of washing, mending, cooking and generally pandering to the creature comforts, which have been the indispensable requirement of contended troops. 19. Nations world over have in recent times taken the momentous decision to admit women into the regular cadres of the armed forces. This raises the query of why women are being brought into the realms of soldiery. One does not have to look deep to fathom the reasons for this development. The increasing presence of women in the Armed Forces can be traced to the beginning of this century in European history, wherein, the World Wars created an acute shortage of manpower, forcing nations to call upon their women to supplement their forces. Women were inducted in large numbers into the softer military specialities like ordinance factory workers, rear area services, logistic support, nurses, doctors, staff car driver, et al; relieving the able bodied men to feed the cannons. 20. In Britain women gained recognition in Womens Auxiliary Service as early as 1916 upto the midst of World War I. The erstwhile Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Vietnam have permitted uninhibited participation of women in combat. Amongst the western countries, Canada, Australia, and Denmark are the most liberal in induction of women in their Armed Forces even for combat roles. In Netherlands all posts are optional for women. The Dutch have had to impose demanding physical standards for some mens only jobs.  [9]   21. Canada opened its Armed Forces to women at the behest of Royal commission on status of women in 1970. A five-year programme called SWINTER (Service Women In Non Traditional Environment and Roles), launched to assess their suitability in combat roles demolished many myths and inhibitions which led to Canadas Human rights Tribunal to demand full integration for women and abolish 10% quota of vacancies reserved for them. 22. In Soviet Russia, where all kinds of feminine labour prevailed, out of sheer imbalance in sex ratio, a bulk of women were allowed to join the Army. A welcome side effect of this enforced equality was improved physical strength of Russian women and their robust character. In China the anti-female practices abetted by Confucius, Liu Shao Chi and Lin Piao were denounced as archaic and to ensure equality to women the Chinese leadership promoted their wide participation in womens militia, who provided armed support to political leadership against any possible counter revolution from old vested interests.  [10]   23. In more recent times the Israelis pressed by sheer paucity of numbers have enforced a virtual draft on unmarried women to occupy posts from where men could be released to move to front positions. In France the intake of women is divided into combat and non-combat roles in the three services and the Gendarmerie on long-term contract. Turkey, which is predominantly Islamic, has women in her regular Armed Forces. In Sep 90 King Fahd of Saudi Arabia approved a role for women in the Saudi Armed Forces.This has been followed by United Arab Emirates.10 In Iraq too, during the Iran-Iraq war, President Saddam Hussain, in an effort to strengthen more loyal Baathist Militias, enlisted some quarter million women into their womens wings. Arming them much against the wishes of religious factions, he proudly hailed this force as the most liberated in the muslim world. Domestic Scene At the time of constitution making, the equality of women (Article 14), discrimination against them (Article 15) and equal opportunity for employment (Article 16) were thoroughly dealt with in accordance with the obtaining social ambience. It was considered prudent to insert Articles 16(3) and 33 in order to exempt our Armed Forces from the provisions of the Fundamental Rights with regard to employment of women. The contemporaneous leadership of that era accepted norms of equality. The fact that the post Independence Indian thinking was so over optimistic about the future of non-use of army itself that any idea of womens participation in it must have looked ludicrous to many a statesmen. That position still continues and the constitutional provision remains binding. The Army Act and the Air Force Act of 1950, the Navy act of 1957, stipulate that women are ineligible for enrolment and any deviation to this proviso could only be made through a special notification. A government sancti on is thus mandatory for all cases of entry of women to our Armed Forces. Existing employment of women in the army Medical Corps (AMC) and the Army Dental corps (ADC) has been regularised. This legal barrier is not difficult to overcome but no organisation, group or a forum has so far felt any compulsion to challenge it. Absence of public opinion to modify the regulation that has over a period of time become irrelevant is only helping those who opine that we (Indians) are not ready to allow women in our Armed Forces. The constitutional allowance to keep women from joining military service has been conveniently used by our service headquarters to ward off whatever pressure there is from the hopefuls amongst female population. Thu this urge of the latter is not a recent phenomenon.  [11]   In the modern day of electronic warfare, its more about overcoming stress in warfare than physical combat. It has been proven scientifically that women handle stress better and are also mentally tougher. This is not to undermine a womans physical capability. Women have done extremely well in physical training as well. In the first few batches at the armed forces training academies women displayed more endurance and some even outran their male counterparts in cross-country runs and long distance marches.  [12]  They carry on this tradition and keep setting new records. As commissioned officers at the age of 22-23 years, they may often have subordinates older than their parents. Hence, from day one, it is a challenge and leadership qualities are under test. The color of their crisp uniforms and the stars/stripes they adorn differentiate them from each other. Despite the good quality of life, they may sometimes undergo hardships due to the nature of work. An officer may have to work in tough terrains or difficult circumstances. Most women however, who undergo training as cadets in various military academies, cope up with various difficult situations, easily. Being a transferable job, transfers and movements are seen as unique travel opportunities to travel to remotest locations in the country. Every unit is a mini-India with people and cultures as diverse. As most lady officers are married to gentlemen officers in the armed forces, as per government policies, they are transferred together. Women officers can also avail of maternity leave; furlough and annual leave in succession, to cater to pre and post-natal care. On retirement too, they enjoy medical facilities and coveted club memberships. They can afford to maintain the same quality of life due to the various benefits they can avail of. Their experience and qualities imbibed while in service make them much in demand in the private sector. Although the path these women have chosen is tough, they have proved that they have the spirit, the courage and the will to carry on. Presently, women do not serve in combat arms nor do they fly fighter aircrafts, but it wont be long before these forbidden avenues are thrown open to them.  [13]   CHAPTER III ISSUES INVOLVED IN INDUCTING WOMEN IN THE FRONTLINES UNITS IN ARMED FORCES 26. The Indian experiment of permitting women in the regular cadres of the three services is very recent. There is hardly any previous study on the subject of women in the Indian Army as commissioned officer in general and a permanent commissioned officer in particular, rising to the ranks of a General. Naturally, therefore any discussion on the subject has to draw upon a great deal, from the available material based on the concepts and experiences of the Western Armies. Most of the issues are not culture specific but rather gender based, hence if not all, a majority of issues concerning women in uniform are likely to apply across the board to Indian women in military services as well. There are two points that must be analysed before we can properly address the question of whether or not women should be granted permanent commission in the officer cadre. Firstly, the nature of the army as an institution and secondly, the nature of working environment itself according to career profile. If the army was just a job, and if justice and equal opportunity was all that was at stake, there would be no opposition to opening up all opportunities to every one. After all, women have demonstrated their competence in all areas of society, from medicine and the law to business and the academies.  [14]  They have benefited from capitalism and technology. The lifting of legal barriers against women in the civilian workplace has merely ratified the technological advances that have rendered physical strength less important than intellect, an area in which women are equal to men. Thus today a woman, who is willing to bear the equal burden that men have traditionally borne, can ach ieve whatever goals she desires.  [15]   The Nature Of Army The Army necessarily differs from civil society. A liber ­al democracy like ours faces a paradox when it comes to relationship between the military situations as such and society at large. The military is not governed in accordance with prin ­ciples of justice and liberalism that characterize the very society it defends. Behaviour that is acceptable, indeed even protected in civil society is prohibited in the military. The military restricts the freedom of movement of its member. It restricts speech, prohibits certain relationships between members, such as fraternization. Why? Because if the military fails, the society it protects may not survive. Experience has taught us that certain behaviour is destructive of good order, discipline and morale, without which a military organisation will certainly fail. The goal of military policy is military effectiveness. Hence two sets of values are on a collision course. Military and Civil. Equality and opportunity are noble ideals but they have no place in the battlefield where it is a question of living and dying. This was succinctly summed up by American Marine Corps General Robert Barrow in a Senate hearing, It is not about womens rights, equal opportun ­ity, and career assignments for enhancement purposes for selec ­tion to higher work. It is about combat effectiveness, combat readiness, and so we are talking National Security. Nature Of Working Environment Since the services have only seen the presence of men (except on the medical side), gentlemen officers have an attitude problem which prevents them from accepting ladies among them as co officers and this is bound to aggravate if these ladies were competing with gentlemen officers for promotions as well. However the fact that the gentlemen officers have the choice of a permanent commission gives them a professional security. Although they perceive the lady officers as a short-term threat now, it will aggravate once this threat becomes a long-term threat. Further, the socio cultural pattern of patriarchal domination prevents the gentlemen officers from accepting lady officers as social equals. Traits that are chauvinistically associated by men for women in society are piled upon the lady officers as well. Whereas for those lady officers to whom a career in the services is what they want to do in life; the sense of job insecurity is like a Damocles Sword hanging over their heads. Many dont know exactly what they will do after having served in a career which is high commitment and high risk one and gives them prestige, status and perks that would no longer be there once they leave the service.  [16]   Further during the service years of a gentlemen officer in the army, be it supporting arm or combat arm, he is on a whirlwind tour of the country to include the inhospitable high altitude terrain of the North, the dry sultry sand dunes of the deserts in the West, the rain and leech infested jungles of the Northeast and long tenures of deployment on the International Border or the Line of Control without even the basic necessities of life. Under such conditions when the lady officers are also expected to stand by the side of their male counterparts notwithstanding the occupational hazards draws out certain physical and physiological issues involved with their behaviour. The issues thrown up are:- Physical and physiological issues. Unit Cohesion and Military Effectiveness. Sociological issues. Administrative issues. Physical Issues Women if granted commission in Infantry may be called upon to serve in combat zone sometime or the other, in her career. The most common reason for opposing women in combat is that they largely lack the physical strength to perform effectively in a combat environ ­ment. Studies conducted in the United States have observed that on average men are 40 percent stronger than women. Contrary to what some seem to believe, technology has not overcome the importance of physical strength in the Army. Brawn will count for more than `computer smarts any day. It is felt that when women cannot meet the requirements or rigours of a job; men must take up the slack.  [17]   Body Composition / Muscular Strength / Cardio-Respiratory Capacity. The West point and General Accounting Office (GAO) studies reveal that body composition (both physical and anatomic) favors men. Specifically women experience more difficulty in lifting heavy loads, road marching, carrying loads, running and throwing than men do. Women generally require more time to perform these tasks. Additionally they must perform at higher percentage of their physical abilities, leading to earlier fatigue. The reasons are that they have less muscle mass, more fat, which accumulates on buttocks, arms and thighs which lowers the center of gravity offering more resistance when running. They have less bone mass, wider pelvic structure and lower aerobic capacity than men.  [18]   Injury. Research findings have indicated a high risk for injuries during Army basic combat training. During training, 51% of women and 27% of men were injured which was related to a lower level of fitness when compared to men and resulted in an average time loss of 13 days training. During this study, women participated in an integrated conditioning programme and completed extensive road marches wearing combat boots. Incidence of injury was related to greater body weight and body fat and limited leg strength.  [19]   Physiological Issues Pregnancy is a major female health issue, which contributes to major attrition among women in the Army. During pregnancy, womens duties are often severely curtailed. This curtailment typically includes: no field duty, limited physical training, limited standing at attention. Many women experience severe premenstrual syndromes. This problem can be potentially dysfunctional for units with many lady officers. This is especially true if there is an involuntary tendency for women living in close quarters to synchronize their menstrual cycles.  [20]   However in an interview during the Gulf War some women soldiers who got pregnant told no one and stuck it out because they did not want to let their team down. Other women soldiers had their babies and six months later rejoined their units. Women in Army advocates argue that the average woman is pregnant for a very small portion of her productive life. There are many women who never become pregnant. They argue that data are inconclusive about pain and discomfort of menstruation. Rather women are more conscious of their health problems than men which explains a higher incidence of routine medical visits by women than men.  [21]   Legal Issues The Constitutions in most developed countries including India provide for equality in l